We aim at the presentation of some important immune events during babesiosis in cattle. Bovine babesiosis, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Babesia, is one of the world’s most severe tick-borne disease of cattle in temperate to tropical areas. These protozoa belong to the order Piroplasmida, phylum Apicomplexa, and subclass Piroplasmia. Three species Babesia bovis, B. divergens and B. bigemina are the main causative agents of the disease. In this review are presented the basic information concerning the immunologic processes in the course of bovine babesiosis, as well as the methods of immunoprophylaxis of this disease.