Thelasiosis is a vector-borne disease caused by Thelazia callipaeda. This eyeworm nematode was first described in the early 20th century in Asia, but is now frequently reported from Europe. To date, thelaziosis has been described in many European countries, including Poland. This article aims to review key aspects of the epidemiology of T. callipaeda and cases among dogs in Europe and emphasise the importance of education and awareness among veterinarians (particularly ophthalmologists) and owners in order to tackle this zoonosis.