Pleiotropic potential of evernia prunastri extracts and their main compounds evernic acid and atranorin: in vitro and in silico studies

Abstrakt

Evernia prunastri is a lichen widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Its biological properties still need to be discovered. Therefore, our paper focuses on studies of E. prunastri extracts, including its main metabolites evernic acid (EA) or atranorin (ATR). Phytochemical profiles using chromatographic analysis were confirmed. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using in vitro chemical tests and in vitro enzymatic cells-free tests, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT). The anti-inflammatory potential using cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and hyaluronidase were determined. The neuroprotective potential using acetylcholinesterase, (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and tyrosinase (Tyr) was estimated. The hypoglycemic activity was also confirmed (α-glucosidase). Principal component analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the biological activity of extracts. The inhibitory effect of EA and ATR on COX-2 AChE, BChE, Tyr, and α-glucosidase was evaluated using molecular docking techniques and confirmed for EA and ATR (besides α-glucosidase). The penetration of EA and ATR from extracts through the blood–brain barrier was confirmed using the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay blood–brain barrier test. In conclusion, depending on chemical surroundings and the concentration, the E. prunastri extracts, EA or ATR, showed attractive pleiotropic properties, which should be further investigated.

Autorzy

Elżbieta Studzińska-Sroka
Elżbieta Studzińska-Sroka
Magdalena Bulicz
Magdalena Bulicz
Marika Henkel
Marika Henkel
Natalia Rosiak
Natalia Rosiak
Magdalena Paczkowska-Walendowska
Magdalena Paczkowska-Walendowska
Katarzyna Korybalska
Katarzyna Korybalska
Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
artykuł
MOLECULES
Angielski
2024
29
1
233
otwarte czasopismo
CC BY 4.0 Uznanie autorstwa 4.0
ostateczna wersja opublikowana
w momencie opublikowania
2023-12-31
140
4,2
0
0