Emerging demand for food coupled with increasing agricultural use of hazardous chemicals is propelling development of environmentally sustainable nanotechnologies. Nanoscale materials derived from green sources like plants and microbes could transform agriculture via nanosensors detecting toxins, precise nutrient delivery systems, soil and water monitoring, plant growth promotion and reduced reliance on agrochemicals. Though no single nano-enabled solution offers complete sustainability currently, this analysis explores varied sustainable nanotechnology applications to bolster crop yield, protection and surveillance through innovative farming methods. However, progress commercializing and researching these technologies remains restricted. Elucidating complex nanomaterial behaviors in environments, thoroughly evaluating functionality and distribution plus instituting robust governmental oversight are essential prerequisites for fully harnessing green nanotechnology's potential to enable sustainable agriculture.