The liver is a highly metabolically active organ, and one of the causes of its dysfunction is the
damage caused by drugs and their metabolites as well as dietary supplements and herbal preparations.
A common feature of such damage is drugs, which allows it to be defined as drug-induced liver
injury (DILI). In this review, we analysed available research findings in the global literature regarding
the effects of green tea and/or its phenolic compounds on liver function in the context of protective
action during prolonged exposure to xenobiotics. We focused on the direct detoxifying action of
epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in the liver, the impact of EGCG on gut microbiota, and the influence
of microbiota on liver health. We used 127 scientific research publications published between 2014 and
2024. Improving the effectiveness of DILI detection is essential to enhance the safety of patients at risk
of liver damage and to develop methods for assessing the potential hepatotoxicity of a drug during
the research phase. Often, drugs cannot be eliminated, but appropriate nutrition can strengthen the
body and liver, which may mitigate adverse changes resulting from DILI. Polyphenols are promising
owing to their strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as well as their prebiotic effects.
Notably, EGCG is found in green tea. The results of the studies presented by various authors are
very promising, although not without uncertainties. Therefore, future research should focus on
elucidating the therapeutic and preventive mechanisms of polyphenols in the context of liver health
through the functioning of gut microbiota affecting overall health, with particular emphasis on
epigenetic pathways.