Plants represent valuable sources of chemical compounds with potential bioactive properties. These substances fulfill essential metabolic functions in plants, such as defense against pathogens and growth regulation. Upon isolation, they are utilized as dietary supplement ingredients and find application in the prevention of various disorders and the treatment of chronic diseases. They exhibit advantages over chemical preparations as they are readily absorbed by the body, mostly devoid of side effects, do not accumulate in the organism, and their harmful effects are limited. Isolated bioactive substances exert beneficial effects on the human body through various pharmacological properties, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. Among them are polyphenolic compounds, glycosides, saponins, pectins, alkaloids, mucilages, terpenes, mineral components and vitamins, enzymes, and pigments. However, it is important to note that some of them may have undesirable effects. Nevertheless, bioactive compounds from plants are of immense significance from both health and therapeutic perspectives. Consequently, research in this direction holds substantial importance for the development of new medical therapies and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle. This review presents selected methods for the extraction of bioactive compounds, enabling their isolation in an economical, efficient, and environmentally friendly manner.